Safeguarding Malaysia’s natural healers

2026-03-03 - 00:54

Populations of medicinal plants such as tongkat ali are depleting due to overharvesting and loss of habitat. (Envato Elements pic) KUALA LUMPUR: World Wildlife Day, observed annually on March 3, is a timely reminder that biodiversity and human wellbeing are closely linked. This year’s theme – “medicinal and aromatic plants conserving health, heritage and livelihoods” – highlights how wild plant species support healthcare, cultural traditions and economic security. Around the world, medicinal and aromatic plants form the backbone of traditional knowledge and primary healthcare. Millions rely on plant-based remedies for prevention and treatment. At the same time, global industries depend on these species for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food products, and wellness goods. Malaysia, of course, is blessed with tropical rainforests that harbour thousands of plant species with therapeutic value. For generations, local communities and traditional healers have turned to these plants to treat ailments, promote wellbeing and preserve cultural heritage. Many aromatic plants are still common in Malaysian home gardens and kitchens: think pandan, lemongrass, turmeric, kaffir lime, ginger and mint. But beyond these cultivated favourites, several important medicinal species are under serious threat. “Eurycoma longifolia”, better known as tongkat ali, is popularly said to boost energy and male vitality. Given this, strong local and international demand has led to extensive harvesting from the wild. As the species grows slowly, natural populations are easily depleted. “Aquilaria malaccensis”, the source of agarwood or gaharu, has also been heavily depleted by illegal logging and overharvesting. Its fragrant resin is highly prized for medicinal, aromatic and religious uses, particularly in Middle Eastern and East Asian markets. Despite international trade controls, enforcement challenges continue to undermine protection efforts. Then there’s “Labisia pumila”, known locally as kacip fatimah and traditionally used for women’s reproductive health. Harvesters often uproot the entire plant to obtain its medicinal parts, leaving little chance for regeneration. Traditional Malay and Orang Asli healing practices depend heavily on forest biodiversity. Without systematic cultivation and replanting, its long-term survival in natural habitats remains uncertain. Similarly, “Coscinium fenestratum”, or yellow vine, traditionally used to treat fever, infections and diabetes, is threatened by destructive harvesting of its stems. The plant regenerates slowly, and conservation efforts remain limited. The drivers behind this decline are largely human: deforestation for agriculture and infrastructure, excessive harvesting to meet commercial demand, weak enforcement of conservation laws, climate change, invasive species and limited public awareness. The disappearance of medicinal plants is not just an environmental concern – it is cultural and economic as well. Traditional Malay and Orang Asli healing practices depend heavily on forest biodiversity. When these species vanish, generations of knowledge risk disappearing with them. Rural communities that rely on sustainable harvesting for supplementary income may also lose vital livelihoods. Ultimately, conserving medicinal plants is about more than protecting forest resources; it is about safeguarding health, heritage and biodiversity. By promoting sustainable harvesting, supporting ethical trade and preserving traditional knowledge, Malaysia can ensure that future generations continue to benefit from nature’s healing treasures – without upsetting the delicate balance of its ecosystems. This article was written by Mohideen Abdul Kader, president of the Consumers’ Association of Penang.